Improvement in folding-card globes



ite-xl gutter aw-essa mi n @anni @fitta DENNIS TOWNSEND, OF FIDDLETVVN,CALIFORNIA.

Letters Patent No. 87,082, dated February 16, 1869.`

IMPROVEMENT IN FOLDING-CARD GLOBES.

The Schedule referred to in thesevLetbrs Patent and making part of thesame.

of paper, on which are marked, drawn, or printed, geographical oruranographical representations; the lunes of paper, or other suitableflexible material, being cemented to the unyielding material of thespheres.

Globes so made are .bulkyfor storage and transportation, and are fragileand expensive, for which reasons they are used to but comparativelysmall extent, and geography and uranography are, therefore, often taughtfrom maps, requiring much eti'ort on the part of teachers and scholars,to impart and to receive correct ideas.

It is universally admitted that geography'and uranography should betaught beginners through the medium oi globes, making use of maps toobtain a knowl-- edge of details 'after the students have become wellgrounded in general principles.

But owing to the bulk and high cost of globes, the

majority of schools are unprovided with them; and the prime objectof myinvention is to produce globes which will answer the practicalrequirements of school-teachers, at a price which every school-districtcan afford, and which will also be within the means of most families,and even of each scholar.

In my invention, I make, of one piece of ilexible maf terial, such aspaper, cloth, leather, parchment, rubber cloth, 8vo., the. covering of ahemisphere, as represented in iig. 1 of the drawings, the sheet beingcut, by means of suitable dies or otherwise, into a series of half lunesj or quadrantal triangles, united at or near their common apex, whichforms one pole of the globe to be made, the bases of the assemblage ofthe quadrantal triangies being made fin thep'eriphery of a circle struckfrom the pole, 0r in the periphery of a polygon inscribed in such acircle, the number of sides ofthe polygon corresponding to the number ofhalf lunes or quadrantal triangles, which, when properly manipulated,make up the superces of one hemisphere ofthe globe to be made by thejoining of two such hemispheres.

The angles of the quadrantal triangles are marked a, b, and c, a. beingthe pole or common apex of all the lunes.

The joining of the two assemblages of quadrantal triangles, is made asfollows: l

The base of each half lune of one ofthe assemblages, is bent andcreased, as represented at the detail A, and the base ofeach of theother half lunes in a corresponding assemblage, is bent and creased, asseen at the detail B; and then, by the use of cement, the parts'arepermanently interlocked, in a perfectly obvious manner, by insertingthev part d into the space at e, and pressing the parts together.

To prevent the displacement of the quadrantal triangles, each, formingoneof an assemblage, is united .to its adjoining fellows by ligatures,seen at f, the liga tures being creased', so that when the poles ofthehemispherical coverings are drawn apart, so as to bring into contact thecurvilinear boundaries of the haltl lunes, the ligatures shall bend andfold, as seen at detail O, the

fold being made within the globe; the detail U being aA section 'takenon the line z z of Figure 1.

At the poles, the material forming the globe may be reinforced withcloth, or other suitable substance, so that any suitable devices may beinserted for the extension ofthe superiices to form a globe; and for thepurpose of turning the globemn its axis, the said devices may be made'asswivels, seen at g, in Figures 2 and 3.

The entire superces of each half hemisphere being made of one piece, maybe printed from engraved or stereotype-plates `or Wood-cuts, or bylithography, or otherwise, or the surface may be left blank, for-thestudent to drawupon, or'mark out geographical or uranographicalrepresentations.

. When desirable, especially for large globes, the material which isprinted, or which is to be marked upon, may be reinforced by a'layer orlayersoi other suitable material arranged to come within the globe.

, A globe, made as described,will not be perfectly spherical, but willbemade up of as many flat faces as there are lunes in its composition,unless, indeed, each lune is formed by pressing or otherwise into asuitable 'convex surface, which may easily be done. But for allpractical purposes, the polygonal sphere answers as well as a perfectsphere, and the number of lunes maybe' as desired. v

The parts may be made to assume the gobular form, by attatching thenorth pole to any suitable fixture, and by hanging a weight to the southpole, as seen in iig. 3, or the parts may be elevated from a fixedpoint,

as, for example, the cover of an atlas, and madeto assume a globularform by the use of a iat spring, bent as seen in iig. 2, the springbeing marked It therein, and being bifurcated at each end, so as tostraddle the fixtures applied to the poles; the biilrcation ofthe end ofthe, spring at the south pole being sufficient in.

amount to allow the adjustment of the globe, to illustrate theinclination of the axis ofthe earth.

Any atlas, or other largeschol-book cover, may have provision at aboutits centre for the attachment of the south pole of the globe, and loopsmay be provided for securing diagonally on the cover theextendingspring, and elastic strips or tapes may be arranged inconnection with the cover, to retain the atteneth'glbbe in, lace.

f en desirable, apiece of card-board, separatebom,

but arranged to be secured within the covers of an atlas or school-book,may be used for the purposes jus described as served by a bookcover.'

1. A flexible, expansible, and compressible geographical oruranograpbical globe, when made of aseries of quadrantal triangles,snbstantiz'illy as described.

2. Also, a coating or covering for tbc superces of a collapsiblebemispl1e1'e,wl1en figured and made of one piece in quadrantaltriangles, joined at or near a coininon apex, substantially as and forthe purpose described.

3. Also, combining the two halves of the superces of a globe on anequatorial line, by means of a joint be'- twee'n each pair of quadrantaltriangles, substantially

